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SubjectsGeographyPhysical GeographyChapter 1 — Geomorphology1.3 Rocks & Minerals

Topic 1.3 · Geography · Geomorphology

Rocks & Minerals

Rocks & Minerals is studied as part of "Geomorphology" (Physical Geography) in Geography. Geomorphology studies the Earth's interior, rocks and the landforms created by internal and external forces — the base for understanding plateaus, mountains and earthquakes.

In the examination context, rocks & minerals carries conceptual questions that test both factual recall and analytical understanding. Revise this topic in sequence with the rest of the chapter so that chronological and thematic links are clear.

Important Facts

Igneous rocks
Formed by cooling of magma — e.g. granite, basalt
Epicentre
Surface point directly above the earthquake focus
Layers of the Earth
Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
Plate tectonics
Movement of lithospheric plates

Key Points

  • Layers of the Earth — Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
  • Plate tectonics — Movement of lithospheric plates
  • Igneous rocks — Formed by cooling of magma — e.g. granite, basalt
  • Epicentre — Surface point directly above the earthquake focus

Important Names

Ferdinand von RichthofenAlfred WegenerArthur Holmes

Important Dates

1912Wegener proposed continental drift
1960sTheory of plate tectonics developed
Exam-Oriented Notes
  • »Match each rock type with its mode of formation and associate landforms (fold, block, volcanic) with their forces.

Related topics

1.1 Earth's Interior & Structure1.2 Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift1.4 Landforms & Their Evolution1.5 Earthquakes & Volcanoes1.6 Mountains, Plateaus & Plains
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